Which circuit breaker for outdoor lighting?

Installing outdoor lighting is an excellent idea for illuminating, enhancing and securing your garden. But a crucial question soon arises: which circuit breaker should you choose to power this outdoor lighting in complete safety? Yes, a circuit breaker isn't an option, it's a must. But don't panic! We'll help you make the right choice, without getting lost in the technical jargon.

Circuit breakers for outdoor lighting: a must-have

The role of circuit breakers for outdoor lighting 

Are you planning to install outdoor lighting, but wondering if you can skip the circuit breaker? "The answer is no, says Christophe Coelho, founder of Lumihome. Unless you decide to opt for solar outdoor lighting, you'll need mandatory this device. The circuit breaker acts as an essential essential safety systemcapable of automatically cutting off the current in the event of a problem. It reduces the risk of fire, short-circuit and electrocution."

Outdoor lighting is highly exposed to the elements. This inevitably increases the risk of short-circuits. The circuit breaker therefore acts as a bodyguard for your installation and your home. Not only does it protect your equipment, it also ensures your safety and that of your loved ones. In short, it's a small device that makes all the difference between a reliable installation and a potential catastrophe.

Electrical standards

In France, electrical installations, including outdoor lighting, must comply with the following standards NF C 15-100. This standard governs the safety of electrical circuits in buildings, and imposes specific requirements for outdoor environments. Here's what it specifies for outdoor lighting:

• A dedicated outdoor circuit Outdoor luminaires must be supplied by a separate circuit protected by a circuit breaker.
• Compulsory differential protection 30 mA residual current protection is required for all outdoor installations.
• Weather-resistant equipment All electrical equipment used outdoors (weatherproof enclosureslight fittings, circuit breakers) must comply with a minimum protection rating (IP44 for sheltered areas, IP65 for directly exposed areas).

Different types of circuit breakers for outdoor lighting 

When it comes to circuit breakers, two main families stand out:

• Earth leakage circuit breaker The earth leakage circuit breaker (ELCB): detects current leaks to earth (very useful for preventing electrocution).
• Thermal-magnetic circuit breaker protects against short-circuits and electrical overloads.

For outdoor lighting, you'll need both. But don't worry, the two are often combined in one ultra-practical device.

How do I choose the right circuit breaker? 

Choosing a circuit breaker isn't something you do on a whim: it's something you prepare and calculate. 

1 - Circuit breaker rating

Choosing the right circuit breaker requires an accurate estimate of your lighting's power consumption. Add up the total power (in watts) of your future lighting points. To convert this power into current (in amperes), it's easy: divide the total power by the available voltage (generally 220 V single-phase).

Practical example:

With 5 x 200 W spotlights, total power is 1,000 W. Divide 1,000 by 220: you get 4.55 A. A 10 A circuit breaker is therefore perfectly adequate, and easy to find in specialist stores. 

2 - Circuit breaker sensitivity

Your circuit breaker must be compatible with your electrical network:

• Single-phase (P+N or DPN) for most homes.
• Three-phase (3P+N or tetrapolar) if you have this type of network.

Next, pay attention to sensitivity, which depends on external hazards. Bad weather (rain, wind, humidity) can damage circuits, so your circuit breaker must react to the slightest problem. The solution? A curve C with a sensitivity of 30 mA sensitivity is ideal for outdoor lighting. As soon as a current leakage exceeds this value, the circuit breaker cuts the circuit to avoid any danger.

3 - A circuit breaker adapted to the environment

Your outdoor lighting is going to face rain and cold. So make sure you choose a circuit breaker designed to withstand humidity and outdoor conditions. If your equipment doesn't meet these standards (insufficient IP rating), you risk being cut off at the first shower!

4 - A circuit breaker with a differential switch

The winning duo? A circuit-breaker and an earth leakage switch that work hand in hand to protect your installation. While the circuit breaker manages overloads and short circuits, the residual current device detects current leaks to prevent electrocution. 

How to install your circuit breaker

Ready to transform your exterior? Before you get out your tools, here are the essential steps for a safe installation!

Draw an electrical diagram

Before starting, it is essential to follow the recommendations of the standard NF C 15-100which requires separate interior and exterior electrical circuits. Clearly: no mixing! "The first step is to draw a clear sketch of your independent outdoor circuit, adds Christophe Coelho. Carefully avoid high-risk areas, such as water points and driveways. This plan will be your roadmap to a clean and safe installation."

Check everything: connections and earthing

Make sure everything is properly connected and grounded. This is your shield against power surges and other electrical disasters.

Call in a pro if you need one

"Not sure of yourself? Don't feel like playing electrician? Call a professional and play it safe!, advises Christophe Coelho. What's more, he'll be able to check that everything conforms to standards, so you won't break out in a cold sweat at the first storm."

Which circuit breaker for outdoor lighting? Mistakes to avoid 

Oversizing the circuit breaker

If you choose a circuit breaker that's too powerful, it won't trip in the event of a problem, which can be dangerous.

Neglecting waterproofing

If your installation is exposed to water, make sure that all equipment complies with the minimum IP44standard . This applies not only to luminaires, but also to junction boxes, waterproof waterproof connectors and circuit breakers. Outdoor electrical installations must be ready to brave the elements! To guarantee their durability, rely on theProtection Index (IP). Read our article to find out which IP to choose. Don't forget the CEmark , which certifies that the equipment complies with European standards. This little mark is your assurance of safe, reliable equipment.

 

Choosing a circuit breaker for outdoor lighting can be a real headache. But with our recommendations, you'll have everything you need to succeed! Follow the steps, respect the standards, and don't hesitate to call in a professional if necessary. Although installation requires a great deal of care, once it's properly in place, you'll be able to enjoy a garden that's perfectly lit and above all, totally safe.